Reliance Industries Ltd, owned by billionaire Mukesh Ambani, aims to become one of the world’s largest producers of blue hydrogen, creating zero-emission fuel at half the global average cost.

Reliance Industries claimed in a presentation outlining the separation plan that a Rs 30,000 crore plant that now transforms petroleum coke into synthesis gas will be repurposed to create blue hydrogen for USD 1.2-1.5 per kilogramme.

Hydrogen is the cleanest form of fuel currently available. Hydrogen can be grey, blue, or green depending on how it is made.

The most prevalent type of hydrogen is grey hydrogen, which is made from natural gas, or methane, through a process is known as steam reforming.’

When the carbon produced by steam reforming is caught and stored, hydrogen is labelled blue. Because the emissions are not diffused in the atmosphere, blue hydrogen is sometimes referred to as carbon neutral.

Green hydrogen, often known as “clean hydrogen,” is created by splitting water into two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom using clean energy from renewable energy sources such as solar or wind power.

In the meanwhile, Reliance Industries, which has set a net-zero carbon emission target for its operations by 2035, is exploring blue hydrogen to reduce the cost of green hydrogen.

“In the meanwhile, until the cost of green hydrogen falls, RIL can be the first to develop a hydrogen ecosystem in India with minimal incremental expenditure,” Reliance Industries Ltd (RIL) stated in the presentation.

It claims that syngas can manufacture hydrogen for USD 1.2-1.5 per kilogramme. According to the European Commission’s July 2020 hydrogen roadmap, green hydrogen produced from renewable resources costs between USD 3-6.55 per kilogramme.

The cost of fossil-based hydrogen is around USD 1.80 per kilogramme, whereas the cost of blue hydrogen is anticipated to be around USD 2.40-3 per kilogramme by the commission.

Ambani earlier indicated that his company aims to manufacture green hydrogen for one dollar per kilogramme by the turn of the century. He announced intentions to invest nearly USD 75 billion in renewable energy infrastructure last month.

RIL’s carbon footprint reduction framework, according to Reliance, involves shifting from fossil to renewable energy, optimising sustainable materials and chemicals as part of the portfolio, and carbon fixation, capture, and utilisation.

“Transitioning to Net Carbon Zero presents a once-in-a-lifetime chance to unlock value through asset repurposing and configuration upgrades,” it stated.

Low-value fuel streams (off-gases) are removed from the fuel pool and used as feedstock to convert to high-value petrochemicals at its large oil refining complex in Jamnagar, Gujarat.

This syngas project will now be moved to a wholly-owned subsidiary to unleash value. “Fossil fuels, including syngas from gasifiers, are now meeting Jamnagar’s energy demand,” it stated.

“Renewables such as solar, biomass-based fuel, hydrogen, and switching from steam to electric motors can all be used to replace fossil fuels.” To meet its electricity and steam requirements, Jamnagar will gradually shift to renewables, using a battery energy storage system (BESS).

Green hydrogen created through water electrolysis will eventually meet the demand for hydrogen. Syngas will be used to make hydrogen as part of the gasification asset repurposing.

“As hydrogen from syngas is replaced by green hydrogen, the entire syngas will be transformed to chemicals,” the company stated, adding that it will investigate biomass as a feedstock for green hydrogen production.

“Power generation from gasification produces a highly concentrated carbon dioxide (CO2) stream, providing a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to capture 15 million tonnes of CO2 at 30% of the typical cost of carbon capture,” Reliance said, adding that the CO2 can be sold to urea producers and other users.

By way of the proposed scheme, the gasification unit is proposed to be transferred as a continuing concern on a slump sale basis, it said, adding that the plan of Arrangement has been submitted to the National Company Law Tribunal for approval.

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