India
India is witnessing the melting of Himalayan glaciers
As temperatures increase and climate change wreaks havoc throughout the planet, the bulk of glaciers in the Himalayan area is melting. According to the Centre’s research, the phenomenon is occurring across nine major glaciers in the country, each of which is melting at a different rate.
Accelerated heterogeneous mass loss in Himalayan glaciers has been observed in studies led by the Geological Survey of India, Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research, National Institute of Hydrology, Space Application Centre, and Indian Institute of Science.
In a written reply to the Lok Sabha, Minister of Science and Technology Dr Jitendra Singh stated: “In the Himalayan area, GSI has performed research on glacier melting using mass balance assessments on nine glaciers, as well as monitoring the recession/advance of 76 glaciers. The bulk of Himalayan glaciers is melting/retreating at various rates in different parts of the mountain range.”
INDIA’S MELTING GLACIERS
According to the Ministry of Earth Sciences, Hindu Kush Himalayan glaciers recede at a pace of 14.9-15.1 metres each year, compared to 12.7-13.2 metres in the Indus, 15.5-14.4 metres in the Ganga, and 20.2-19.7 metres in the Brahmaputra river basins.
However, mass balance analyses were undertaken by the University of Kashmir, Sikkim University, IISc, and WIHG for various Himalayan glaciers confirming a similar scenario, with the bulk of Himalayan glaciers melting or receding at varied rates. The Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, which has been monitoring a few glaciers in Uttarakhand since 1995, discovered that the Dokriani Glacier in the Bhagirathi basin has been retreating at 15-20 metres per year since 1995, and the Chorabari Glacier in the Mandakini basin has been retreating at 9-11 metres per year between 2003 and 2017.
Similar phenomena are taking place in the Satluj River watershed. IISc Bangalore’s Divecha Centre for Climate Change researched the glacier and discovered that glacial melt contribution will grow until the middle of the century, after which it will diminish. “Numerous tiny glaciers in the Satluj basin’s low altitude region imply a considerable loss in the area until the middle of the century,” the ministry stated, “causing a water scarcity during the dry summer season.”
How Is It An ISSUE TO BE CONCERNED ABOUT?
The melting of Himalayan glaciers is a major source of concern since it will have a significant impact on the water supply for rivers that rely on these glaciers. Because of variations in flow, flash floods, and sedimentation, ongoing melting will cause changes in glacier basin hydrology, downstream water budget, and influence hydropower plants.
“The increased danger of glacier hazards as a result of increased number and volume of glacier lakes, faster flash floods, and glacial lake outburst floods, as well as influencing agro practises in the high Himalayan region,” the ministry stated in a statement.
Furthermore, the minister told that while glacier melting is an uncontrollable natural process, it does raise the likelihood of glacial hazards. Various Indian institutes, organisations, and universities, according to the Centre, are monitoring the Himalayan glaciers on a vast scale using remote sensing data to estimate the tragedies caused by melting.
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